ghen-

    ghen-

    English meaning: to crack open, grind, scratch

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “zernagen, zerreiben, kratzen”, also “Kleines, Bißchen”

    Material: Only in den extensions ghnēgh- : ghnǝgh-, ghnǝd(h)-, ghnei-, ghneu-. guttural extension ghnēgh-: Av. aiwi-ɣnixta- “ gnawed, corroded “; O.N. gnaga “ gnaw “, O.E. gnagan, ginagan (with anaptyktischem vowel), late nagan ds. - Besides with IE g in anlaut and fränk. cnagan, Dutch knagen ds.; Ltv. gńẽga “ someone who eats with long teeth “ (the softening after Endzelin Ltv. Gk. 136 f. characteristic for scornful expressions). compare also Mũhlenbach-Endzelin Ltv.-D. Wb. I 634. Dental extension ghnǝd(h)-: with intensive consonant stretch O.E. gnætt m. “ mosquito “, Eng. gnat “ mosquito “, N.Ger. gnatte ‘small mosquito “, Dan. dial. gnat ‘small piece”, M.H.G. gnaz, -tzes ‘scurf, niggardliness “, Ger. Gnatz, Gnätze ‘scurf, skin rash “; O.Ice. gnǫtra “clatter, rattle, clash (of skeleton)”, Eng. dial. to gnatter, Swe. gnat “ Genörgel, Gezänk “, gnatig “ peevish, immer grumpy, surly, sullen “, Ger. gnatzig “ ũbellaunisch “ (compare kratzig in the same meaning). further with dd: O.N. gnaddr “ the young from animals or people “, O.Ice. gnadda “ murren, mit ũbellaunischen Worten quälen “, Nor. dial. gnaddra, “drone, grumble, growl “, N.Ger. gnadderig “ ũbellaunisch, morose “. Persson Beitr. 95 f., 811. i-extensions ghnei-, ghneid(h)-: Gk. χνίει ψακάζει, θρύττει (l. θρύπτει), χνιαρωτέρα χνοω[δεσ]τέρα Hes.; O.E. gnīdan “rub, grind “, O.H.G. gnītan, M.L.G. gnīden, from which probably O.S. gnīdha, Swe. gnida, Dan. gnide borrowed is; compare also (likewise borrowed?) the rare O.Ice. gniða ds.; O.Ice. gnīsta tönnum “ clatter with the teeth “, M.H.G. gnīst “ground”, tirol. Gneist “ chopped or scraped stuff “; Nor. dial. gnita “ kleines abgesprungenes Stũck “, M.L.G. gnitte ‘small mosquito “, E.Fris. gnid, gnit “ sundries, small stuff; a kind of small gnats “, Ger. Gnitze ‘small mosquito “; Ltv. gnīde “rough, shabby, dirty skin”; O.C.S. gnijǫ, gniti “ blight, decay “, Russ. gnitь, Bulg. gnija, Ser.-Cr. gnjìti and gnjíliti, Cz. hníti, Pol. gnić ds.; O.C.S. gnilъ “ rotten “, Russ. gnil, Ser.-Cr. gnjìo, Cz. hnilū, Pol. gniɫy ds., O.C.S. gnojь “ manure”, Russ. gnoj “pus”, Ser.- Cr. gnôj “ds.”, Cz. hnûj “crap, muck, manure “, Pol. gnój ds. Maybe Alb. (*gnola) njolla “ stain, dirt “ common Alb. gn- > nj- phonetic mutatIon. hereupon ghnī̆ dü “ nit, louse “: O.Ice., Nor. dial. gnit f., O.S. gnether, Swe. gnet, Dan. gnid; Ltv. gnīda “ nit, louse, greedy, stingy person” (Mũhlenbach-Endzelin I 633), Lith. glìnda (dissimilated from *gnìnda?); Russ. gnída, Sloven. gnjìda, Cz. hnída, Pol. gnida; about Lat. lēns, -dis f. ds.compare WH. I 783f. and Specht Decl. 44. u-extensions ghnē̆ u-, ghneudh-, ghneus-: Gk. χναύω “ nibble, scour, scratch, gnaw “, χναῦμα “ slice, tidbit “, χναυρός “ dainty”, χνόος, χνοῦς “ that what can be scraped off, dust, foam, froth, underfur “; O.Ice. g-nūa “rub” (also gnȳia “ rant, make a noise, roar “, gnȳr “ din, fuss, noise “?), O.Ice. gnauð “noise, rattle”, gnyðr “nag, growl”, O.E. gnēaÞ ‘stingy, tightfisted”, M.L.G. gnauwen “ growl “; Lith. gniū̃ sai “vermin, pest”, O.C.S. gnusьnъ “disgusting”, gnǫšati, gnušati sę “be disgusted”, Russ. gnus “vermin, pest”, Ser.-Cr. gnûs “ disgust, repulsion, loathing, smut”, Cz. hnus “ disgust, repulsion, loathing, smut”, hnusnū “disgusting”, Pol. gnuśny “idle, blight, decay”.

    References: WP. I 584 f., WH. I 783, Trautmann 93.